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Files in this Data Supplement:
Movie 1. Migration of the epithelial cell sheet and lamellipodial dynamics at the margin during wound closure. An MDCK-cell monolayer was wounded and advancement of the wound margin recorded by time-lapse phase-contrast microscopy starting at 6 hours after wounding. While protrusive activity is obvious at the wound edge, membrane protrusion in cells behind the margin is not visible in this sequence because submarginal protrusions are wedged underneath other cells. Although the cells move toward the wound margin, some submarginal cells move at an angle to the expected direction of movement perpendicular to the margin at any given time, supporting the notion that submarginal cells individually generate force and are not just being pulled by cells in front of them.
Movie 2. Submarginal membrane protrusions form shortly after wounding and display typical lamellipodial morphology and dynamics. Time-lapse sequence of a basal focal plane of a wounded MDCK cell monolayer (1:10 ratio of GFP-actin-expressing:non-transfected cells) immediately after wounding to 4 hours post-wounding, imaged by two-photon microscopy. The visible GFP-actin-expressing submarginal cells are 4-5 cell rows from the wound margin. The dark area to the right of the visible cells is composed of non-transfected submarginal cells. The wound margin is out of the frame further to the right.
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