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Fig. 4. Targets for AMPK. Target proteins and processes activated by AMPK activation are shown in green, and those inhibited by AMPK activation are shown in red. Where the effect is caused by a change in gene expression, an upward-pointing green arrow next to the protein indicates an increase, whereas a downward-pointing red arrow indicates a decrease in expression. Abbreviations: ACC1/ACC2, 1 ({alpha}) and 2 (ß) isoforms of acetyl-CoA carboxylase; CD36/FAT, CD36/fatty acid translocase; CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator; EF2, elongation factor-2; eNOS/nNOS. endothelial/neuronal isoforms of nitric oxide synthase; FAS, fatty acid synthase; G6Pase, glucose-6-phosphatase; GLUT1/4, glucose transporters; GS, glycogen synthase; HMGR, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-CoA reductase; HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase; MEF2, myocyte-specific enhancer factor-2; NRF1, nuclear respiratory factor-1; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PGC1{alpha}, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-{gamma} co-activator-1{alpha}; TOR, mammalian target of rapamycin.





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