An EGFP-VASP-transfected B16 melanoma cell whose cell body was pushed in the direction of the arrow at the time point indicated by  'tension'. The boxed area is shown enlarged in the inset. Note the transformation of peripheral focal complexes into elongated focal adhesions. Time between frames, 25 seconds.

An EGFP-tubulin-transfected B16 melanoma cell whose cell body was pushed in the direction of the arrow at the time when it appears. Note the outgrowth of microtubules into the lamella region. Time between frames, 25 seconds.

A B16 melanoma cell co-transfected with EGFP-zyxin and EGFP-tubulin. The cell body was pushed in the direction indicated by the arrowheads (see also the inset in phase contrast). Note the subsequent enlargement of peripheral adhesion sites and the targeting of the same sites by microtubules. Time between frames, 25 seconds.

An EGFP-beta-actin-transfected B16 melanoma cell whose cell body was pushed in the direction of the arrow at the time when it appears. Note the amplification of the number of actin bundles in the lamella region. Time between frames, 25 seconds.

An EGFP- H1calponin-transfected B16 melanoma cell whose cell body was pushed in the direction of the arrow at the time when it appears. Note the amplification of the number of calponin-positive actin bundles in the lamella region. Time between frames, 25 seconds.

An EGFP- H1calponin-transfected B16 melanoma cell whose cell body was pushed in the direction of the arrow at the time when it appears. Note the amplification of the number of calponin-positive actin bundles in the lamella region. Time between frames, 25 seconds.

An EGFP-tubulin-transfected B16 melanoma cell growing on a flexible substrate impregnated with rhodamine-tagged marker beads. The video is in three parts. The first section (control) shows the microtubule dynamics before application of tension to substrate. The second section shows the applied displacement in the substrate as seen in the bead image. The third part (tension) shows the microtubule dynamics after tension application in the direction indicated. Note the amplification of the number of microtubules growing towards the cell periphery. Time between frames, 10 seconds.

An EGFP-tubulin-transfected goldfish fibroblast that was injected with rhodamine-conjugated vinculin. ML-7 was applied locally to the cell edge in the region indicated (ellipse) and then removed (recovery). Note the rapid depolymerisation of microtubules following drug application and repolymerisation into focal adhesions during the recovery period. Time between frames, 20 seconds.

A trout keratocyte that was injected with rhodamine vinculin and restrained by a microneedle as indicated. The three insets show the progressive increase in the size of vinculin-labelled adhesion sites in response to tension. Time between frames, 10 seconds.

A black molly keratocyte that was injected with Cy-3 tubulin. The phase contrast inset indicates the manipulation with the micro-needle.  Note the outgrowth of microtubules in lamellipodia regions opposing tension (circle). Time between frames, 10 seconds.

An EGFP-tubulin-transfected goldfish fibroblast that was injected with rhodamine-conjugated vinculin. BDM was applied locally to the cell edge in the region indicated (ellipse) and then removed (recovery). Note the rapid depolymerisation of microtubules following drug application and repolymerisation into focal adhesions during the recovery period. Time between frames, 30 seconds.

An EGFP-H1calponin-transfected goldfish fibroblast.  BDM was applied locally to the cell edge in the region indicated (ellipse) and then removed (recovery). Note the disassembly of thin peripheral actin bundles in response to the drug and the amplification of actin bundle size after recovery. Time between frames, 15 seconds.