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First published online 14 November 2006
doi: 10.1242/jcs.03281

Journal of Cell Science 119, 4994-5005 (2006)
Published by The Company of Biologists 2006
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Research Article

Sphingosylphosphorylcholine induces differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into smooth-muscle-like cells through a TGF-ß-dependent mechanism

Eun Su Jeon1, Hyun Jung Moon1, Mi Jeong Lee1, Hae Young Song1, Young Mi Kim1, Yong Chan Bae2, Jin Sup Jung1,3 and Jae Ho Kim1,3,*

1 Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration of Pusan National University and the Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Plastic Surgery, Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea
3 Department of Physiology, Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 602-739, Republic of Korea

* Author for correspondence (e-mail: jhkimst{at}pusan.ac.kr)

Accepted 26 September 2006

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into diverse cell types including adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic and myogenic lineages. In the present study, we demonstrated for the first time that sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC) induces differentiation of human adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hATSCs) to smooth-muscle-like cell types. SPC increased the expression levels of several smooth-muscle-specific genes, such as those for {alpha}-smooth-muscle actin ({alpha}-SMA), h1-calponin and SM22{alpha}, as effectively as transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß1) and TGF-ß3. SPC elicited delayed phosphorylation of Smad2 after 24 hours exposure, in contrast to rapid phosphorylation of Smad2 induced by TGF-ß treatment for 10 minutes. Pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin or U0126, an MEK inhibitor, markedly attenuated the SPC-induced expression of ß-SMA and delayed phosphorylation of Smad2, suggesting that the Gi/o-ERK pathway is involved in the increased expression of {alpha}-SMA through induction of delayed Smad2 activation. In addition, SPC increased secretion of TGF-ß1 through an ERK-dependent pathway, and the SPC-induced expression of {alpha}-SMA and delayed phosphorylation of Smad2 were blocked by SB-431542, a TGF-ß type I receptor kinase inhibitor, or anti-TGF-ß1 neutralizing antibody. Silencing of Smad2 expression with small interfering RNA (siRNA) abrogated the SPC-induced expression of {alpha}-SMA. These results suggest that SPC-stimulated secretion of TGF-ß1 plays a crucial role in SPC-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) differentiation through a Smad2-dependent pathway. Both SPC and TGF-ß increased the expression levels of serum-response factor (SRF) and myocardin, transcription factors involved in smooth muscle differentiation. siRNA-mediated depletion of SRF or myocardin abolished the {alpha}-SMA expression induced by SPC or TGF-ß. These results suggest that SPC induces differentiation of hATSCs to smooth-muscle-like cell types through Gi/o-ERK-dependent autocrine secretion of TGF-ß, which activates a Smad2-SRF/myocardin-dependent pathway.

Key words: Sphingosylphosphorylcholine, Mesenchymal stem cells, Differentiation, {alpha}-smooth-muscle actin, Smooth muscle cells, Myocardin




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