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First published online October 11, 2005
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.02637

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Sphingosine 1-phosphate and ceramide 1-phosphate: expanding roles in cell signaling

¹ Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine and Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
² Research and Development, Hunter Holmes McGuire Veterans Administration Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23249, USA

^* Author for correspondence (e-mail: cechalfant{at}vcu.edu)

The phosphorylated sphingolipid metabolites sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide 1-phosphate (C1P) have emerged as potent bioactive agents. Recent studies have begun to define new biological functions for these lipids. Generated by sphingosine kinases and ceramide kinase, they control numerous aspects of cell physiology, including cell survival and mammalian inflammatory responses. Interestingly, S1P is involved in cyclooxygenase-2 induction and C1P is required for the activation and translocation of cPLA₂. This suggests that these two sphingolipid metabolites may act in concert to regulate production of eicosanoids, important inflammatory mediators. Whereas S1P functions mainly via G-protein-coupled receptors, C1P appears to bind directly to targets such as cPLA₂ and protein phosphatase 1/2A. S1P probably also has intracellular targets, and in plants it appears to directly regulate the G protein subunit GPA1.

Key words: Ceramide 1-phosphate, Ceramide kinase, Sphingosine 1-phosphate, Sphingosine kinase, Inflammation, Cancer

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