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First published online 22 July 2003
doi: 10.1242/jcs.00664
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Research Article |
1 GI Research Unit, Department of Physiology, and Tumor Biology Program, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
2 Division of Cardiovascular Disease, and Molecular Medicine Program, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: shah.vijay{at}mayo.edu)
Accepted 12 May 2003
The Ca2+ mobilizing peptide, bradykinin (BK), stimulates
endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-derived cellular nitric oxide (NO)
production in association with altering the subcellular distribution of the
enzyme. In the present study we examine the influence of cellular GTPases,
particularly the large GTPase dynamin, on BK-mediated eNOS localization and
cellular NO production. BK stimulation of ECV cells, which were stably
transfected with eNOS-GFP (eNOS-GFP ECV304), increased NO production. This was
associated with the mobilization of eNOS-GFP protein into Triton
X-100-insoluble fractions of cell lysates, and an internalization of
plasmalemmal eNOS-GFP in live and fixed ECV 304 cells. Incubation of
digitonin-permeabilized ECV304 cells with the non-hydrolyzed GTP analog,
GTP-
-S, abrogated the BK-mediated internalization of eNOS-GFP as
assessed by confocal microscopy. Conversely, inhibition of clathrin-dependent
endocytosis, via overexpression of AP 180 or pretreatment of cells with
chlorpromazine, did not influence BK-mediated eNOS redistribution.
Furthermore, specific inhibition of dynamin-2 GTPase function by
overexpression of a dominant negative construct, K44A, prevented the
BK-mediated enrichment of eNOS-GFP within low buoyant density,
caveolin-enriched fractions of eNOS-GFP ECV304 cell lysates. Dynamin-2 K44A
overexpression also markedly impaired BK-dependent, L-NAME-inhibited NO
production as did incubation of permeabilized cells with GTP-
-s. These
studies demonstrate that disruption of dynamin- and GTP-dependent, but
clathrin-independent, vesicle trafficking pathways impairs BK-dependent
cellular NO production, via inhibition of the internalization of
eNOS-containing plasmalemmal vesicles.
Key words: Nitric oxide, Nitric oxide synthase, Bradykinin, Dynamin-2
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