|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|||||
| Home Help Feedback Subscriptions Archive Search Table of Contents | |||||
doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.00407
Commentary |
MRC Immunochemistry Unit, Department of Biochemistry, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
* Author for correspondence (e-mail: tony.day{at}bioch.ox.ac.uk)
TSG-6 expression is upregulated in many cell types in response to a variety
of proinflammatory mediators and growth factors. This protein is detected in
several inflammatory disease states (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis) and in the
context of inflammation-like processes, such as ovulation, and is often
associated with extracellular matrix remodelling. TSG-6 has anti-inflammatory
and chondroprotective effects in various models of inflammation and arthritis,
which suggest that it is a component of a negative feedback loop capable of
downregulating the inflammatory response. Growing evidence also indicates that
TSG-6 acts as a crucial factor in ovulation by influencing the expansion of
the hyaluronan-rich cumulus extracellular matrix in the preovulatory follicle.
TSG-6 is a member of the Link module superfamily and binds to hyaluronan (a
vital component of extracellular matrix), as well as other glycosaminoglycans,
via its Link module. In addition, TSG-6 forms both covalent and non-covalent
complexes with inter-
-inhibitor (a serine protease inhibitor present at
high levels in serum) and potentiates its anti-plasmin activity.
Key words: TSG-6, Hyaluronan, Inter--inhibitor, Ovulation, Inflammation, Arthritis
Related articles in JCS:
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. Hutas, E. Bajnok, I. Gal, A. Finnegan, T. T. Glant, and K. Mikecz CD44-specific antibody treatment and CD44 deficiency exert distinct effects on leukocyte recruitment in experimental arthritis Blood, December 15, 2008; 112(13): 4999 - 5006. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. W. Sanggaard, C. S. Sonne-Schmidt, T. P. Krogager, T. Kristensen, H.-G. Wisniewski, I. B. Thogersen, and J. J. Enghild TSG-6 Transfers Proteins between Glycosaminoglycans via a Ser28-mediated Covalent Catalytic Mechanism J. Biol. Chem., December 5, 2008; 283(49): 33919 - 33926. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. C. Heng, P. M. Gribbon, A. J. Day, and T. E. Hardingham Hyaluronan Binding to Link Module of TSG-6 and to G1 Domain of Aggrecan Is Differently Regulated by pH J. Biol. Chem., November 21, 2008; 283(47): 32294 - 32301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Mahoney, K. Mikecz, T. Ali, G. Mabilleau, D. Benayahu, A. Plaas, C. M. Milner, A. J. Day, and A. Sabokbar TSG-6 Regulates Bone Remodeling through Inhibition of Osteoblastogenesis and Osteoclast Activation J. Biol. Chem., September 19, 2008; 283(38): 25952 - 25962. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. Sanggaard, C. S. Sonne-Schmidt, T. P. Krogager, K. A. Lorentzen, H.-G. Wisniewski, I. B. Thogersen, and J. J. Enghild The Transfer of Heavy Chains from Bikunin Proteins to Hyaluronan Requires Both TSG-6 and HC2 J. Biol. Chem., July 4, 2008; 283(27): 18530 - 18537. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Nagyova, A. Camaioni, R. Prochazka, A. J. Day, and A. Salustri Synthesis of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Protein 6 in Porcine Preovulatory Follicles: A Study with A38 Antibody Biol Reprod, May 1, 2008; 78(5): 903 - 909. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Inforzato, V. Rivieccio, A. P. Morreale, A. Bastone, A. Salustri, L. Scarchilli, A. Verdoliva, S. Vincenti, G. Gallo, C. Chiapparino, et al. Structural Characterization of PTX3 Disulfide Bond Network and Its Multimeric Status in Cumulus Matrix Organization J. Biol. Chem., April 11, 2008; 283(15): 10147 - 10161. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Blanc, B. Font, D. Eichenberger, C. Moreau, S. Ricard-Blum, D. J. S. Hulmes, and C. Moali Insights into How CUB Domains Can Exert Specific Functions while Sharing a Common Fold: CONSERVED AND SPECIFIC FEATURES OF THE CUB1 DOMAIN CONTRIBUTE TO THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF PROCOLLAGEN C-PROTEINASE ENHANCER-1 ACTIVITY J. Biol. Chem., June 8, 2007; 282(23): 16924 - 16933. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. R. Hair, P. A. Lyons, K. G. C. Smith, and S. Efstathiou Control of Rta expression critically determines transcription of viral and cellular genes following gammaherpesvirus infection J. Gen. Virol., June 1, 2007; 88(6): 1689 - 1697. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Blundell, D. J. Mahoney, M. R. Cordell, A. Almond, J. D. Kahmann, A. Perczel, J. D. Taylor, I. D. Campbell, and A. J. Day Determining the Molecular Basis for the pH-dependent Interaction between the Link Module of Human TSG-6 and Hyaluronan J. Biol. Chem., April 27, 2007; 282(17): 12976 - 12988. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Sayasith, M. Dore, and J. Sirois Molecular characterization of tumor necrosis {alpha}-induced protein 6 and its human chorionic gonadotropin-dependent induction in theca and mural granulosa cells of equine preovulatory follicles Reproduction, January 1, 2007; 133(1): 135 - 145. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Forteza, S. M. Casalino-Matsuda, M. E. Monzon, E. Fries, M. S. Rugg, C. M. Milner, and A. J. Day TSG-6 Potentiates the Antitissue Kallikrein Activity of Inter-{alpha}-inhibitor through Bikunin Release Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., January 1, 2007; 36(1): 20 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Zhang, P. Hopwood, C. C. Abrams, A. Downing, F. Murray, R. Talbot, A. Archibald, S. Lowden, and L. K. Dixon Macrophage Transcriptional Responses following In Vitro Infection with a Highly Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Isolate. J. Virol., November 1, 2006; 80(21): 10514 - 10521. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Al'Qteishat, J. Gaffney, J. Krupinski, F. Rubio, D. West, S. Kumar, P. Kumar, N. Mitsios, and M. Slevin Changes in hyaluronan production and metabolism following ischaemic stroke in man Brain, August 1, 2006; 129(8): 2158 - 2176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. Viemann, M. Goebeler, S. Schmid, U. Nordhues, K. Klimmek, C. Sorg, and J. Roth TNF induces distinct gene expression programs in microvascular and macrovascular human endothelial cells J. Leukoc. Biol., July 1, 2006; 80(1): 174 - 185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Monslow, J. D. Williams, D. J. Fraser, D. R. Michael, P. Foka, A. P. Kift-Morgan, D. D. Luo, C. A. Fielding, K. J. Craig, N. Topley, et al. Sp1 and Sp3 Mediate Constitutive Transcription of the Human Hyaluronan Synthase 2 Gene J. Biol. Chem., June 30, 2006; 281(26): 18043 - 18050. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Selbi, A. J. Day, M. S. Rugg, C. Fulop, C. A. de la Motte, T. Bowen, V. C. Hascall, and A. O. Phillips Overexpression of Hyaluronan Synthase 2 Alters Hyaluronan Distribution and Function in Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells J. Am. Soc. Nephrol., June 1, 2006; 17(6): 1553 - 1567. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. S. Schuetz, M. Bonin, S. E. Clare, K. Nieselt, K. Sotlar, M. Walter, T. Fehm, E. Solomayer, O. Riess, D. Wallwiener, et al. Progression-Specific Genes Identified by Expression Profiling of Matched Ductal Carcinomas In situ and Invasive Breast Tumors, Combining Laser Capture Microdissection and Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis. Cancer Res., May 15, 2006; 66(10): 5278 - 5286. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Paffoni, G. Ragni, A. Doni, E. Somigliana, F. Pasqualini, L. Restelli, G. Pardi, A. Mantovani, and C. Garlanda Follicular Fuid Levels of the Long Pentraxin PTX3 Reproductive Sciences, April 1, 2006; 13(3): 226 - 231. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Hindmarch, S. Yao, G. Beighton, J. Paton, and D. Murphy A comprehensive description of the transcriptome of the hypothalamoneurohypophyseal system in euhydrated and dehydrated rats PNAS, January 31, 2006; 103(5): 1609 - 1614. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. R. Taylor and R. L. Gallo Glycosaminoglycans and their proteoglycans: host-associated molecular patterns for initiation and modulation of inflammation FASEB J, January 1, 2006; 20(1): 9 - 22. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Kuznetsova, A. J. Day, D. J. Mahoney, M. S. Rugg, D. F. Mosher, and D. D. Roberts The N-terminal Module of Thrombospondin-1 Interacts with the Link Domain of TSG-6 and Enhances Its Covalent Association with the Heavy Chains of Inter-{alpha}-trypsin Inhibitor J. Biol. Chem., September 2, 2005; 280(35): 30899 - 30908. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Mahoney, B. Mulloy, M. J. Forster, C. D. Blundell, E. Fries, C. M Milner, and A. J. Day Characterization of the Interaction between Tumor Necrosis Factor-stimulated Gene-6 and Heparin: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE INHIBITION OF PLASMIN IN EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX MICROENVIRONMENTS J. Biol. Chem., July 22, 2005; 280(29): 27044 - 27055. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. S. Rugg, A. C. Willis, D. Mukhopadhyay, V. C. Hascall, E. Fries, C. Fulop, C. M. Milner, and A. J. Day Characterization of Complexes Formed between TSG-6 and Inter-{alpha}-inhibitor That Act as Intermediates in the Covalent Transfer of Heavy Chains onto Hyaluronan J. Biol. Chem., July 8, 2005; 280(27): 25674 - 25686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Blundell, A. Almond, D. J. Mahoney, P. L. DeAngelis, I. D. Campbell, and A. J. Day Towards a Structure for a TSG-6{middle dot}Hyaluronan Complex by Modeling and NMR Spectroscopy: INSIGHTS INTO OTHER MEMBERS OF THE LINK MODULE SUPERFAMILY J. Biol. Chem., May 6, 2005; 280(18): 18189 - 18201. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. W. Sanggaard, H. Karring, Z. Valnickova, I. B. Thogersen, and J. J. Enghild The TSG-6 and I{alpha}I Interaction Promotes a Transesterification Cleaving the Protein-Glycosaminoglycan-Protein (PGP) Cross-link J. Biol. Chem., March 25, 2005; 280(12): 11936 - 11942. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. K. Harvey, S. C. Anderson, and N. SundarRaj Downstream Effects of ROCK Signaling in Cultured Human Corneal Stromal Cells: Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., July 1, 2004; 45(7): 2168 - 2176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Lesley, I. Gal, D. J. Mahoney, M. R. Cordell, M. S. Rugg, R. Hyman, A. J. Day, and K. Mikecz TSG-6 Modulates the Interaction between Hyaluronan and Cell Surface CD44 J. Biol. Chem., June 11, 2004; 279(24): 25745 - 25754. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Salustri, C. Garlanda, E. Hirsch, M. De Acetis, A. Maccagno, B. Bottazzi, A. Doni, A. Bastone, G. Mantovani, P. B. Peccoz, et al. PTX3 plays a key role in the organization of the cumulus oophorus extracellular matrix and in in vivo fertilization Development, April 1, 2004; 131(7): 1577 - 1586. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Fayad, V. Levesque, J. Sirois, D. W. Silversides, and J. G. Lussier Gene Expression Profiling of Differentially Expressed Genes in Granulosa Cells of Bovine Dominant Follicles Using Suppression Subtractive Hybridization Biol Reprod, February 1, 2004; 70(2): 523 - 533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. D. Blundell, D. J. Mahoney, A. Almond, P. L. DeAngelis, J. D. Kahmann, P. Teriete, A. R. Pickford, I. D. Campbell, and A. J. Day The Link Module from Ovulation- and Inflammation-associated Protein TSG-6 Changes Conformation on Hyaluronan Binding J. Biol. Chem., December 5, 2003; 278(49): 49261 - 49270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Sabroe, R. C. Read, M. K. B. Whyte, D. H. Dockrell, S. N. Vogel, and S. K. Dower Toll-Like Receptors in Health and Disease: Complex Questions Remain J. Immunol., August 15, 2003; 171(4): 1630 - 1635. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
