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doi: 10.1242/10.1242/jcs.00046

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Retinoic acid receptor ß2 and neurite outgrowth in the adult mouse spinal cord in vitro

Jonathan Corcoran^1,*, Po-Lin So^1,*, Robert D. Barber², Karen J. Vincent², Nicholas D. Mazarakis², Kyriacos A. Mitrophanous², Susan M. Kingsman² and Malcolm Maden^1,

¹ MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunt's House, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
² Oxford BioMedica (UK) Limited, Medawar Centre, Robert Robinson Avenue, The Oxford Science Park, Oxford OX4 4GA, UK

Author for correspondence (e-mail: malcolm.maden{at}kcl.ac.uk)

Accepted 8 July 2002

Retinoic acid, acting through the nuclear retinoic acid receptor ß2 (RARß2), stimulates neurite outgrowth from peripheral nervous system tissue that has the capacity to regenerate neurites, namely, embryonic and adult dorsal root ganglia. Similarly, in central nervous system tissue that can regenerate, namely, embryonic mouse spinal cord, retinoic acid also stimulates neurite outgrowth and RARß2 is upregulated. By contrast, in the adult mouse spinal cord, which cannot regenerate, no such upregulation of RARß2 by retinoic acid is observed and no neurites are extended in vitro. To test our hypothesis that the upregulation of RARß2 is crucial to neurite regeneration, we have transduced adult mouse or rat spinal cord in vitro with a minimal equine infectious anaemia virus vector expressing RARß2. After transduction, prolific neurite outgrowth occurs. Outgrowth does not occur when the cord is transduced with a different isoform of RARß nor does it occur following treatment with nerve growth factor. These data demonstrate that RARß2 is involved in neurite outgrowth, at least in vitro, and that this gene may in the future be of some therapeutic use.

Key words: Retinoic acid receptor ß, Neurite outgrowth, Viral vectors, Mouse, Spinal cord

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