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Fig. 1. The G2 DNA damage checkpoint. In response to DNA damage, or agents that block replication, checkpoint complexes consisting of (1) Rad17 and Rfc2-5, (2) Rad9, Rad1 and Hus1, and (3) ATR and ATRIP are recruited to the damaged region. Together with mediator proteins, ATR then activates Chk1 by phosphorylation to promote a blockade to Cdc2/Cyclin B activation, and thus cells are unable to enter mitosis.