Fig. 6. Partial reversal of the foxj1^-/- phenotype of no cilia with calpain inhibitor II treatment. Images D, E, F show higher magnification of A, B, C, respectively. (A,D) By scanning electron microscopy, multiple ciliated cells are observed in explanted E17.5 foxj1^+/+ trachea cultured for 96 hours (arrows). Cilia cover most of the apical cell surface. (B,E) By scanning electron microscopy, no 9+2 cilia are detected in explanted E17.5 foxj1^-/- trachea cultured for 96 hours. 9+0 monocilia are observed (arrowheads). (C,F) Explanted foxj1^-/- trachea cultured in the presence of 10 mM calpain inhibitor II for 96 hours demonstrates formation of cilia (arrows). The number of cilia per cell is less than in foxj1^+/+ trachea. 9+0 monocilia are also present (arrowheads). Scale bars: 5 µm (A-C); 500 nm (D-F).