Fig. 1. The leading edge of a Mg63 cell on a polyacrylamide substrate (YM=4320 N/m2). Total traction force in rest (A) and after 30 seconds of electric-field application (B). Differential vectors for the change between A and B are displayed in C. The scale bar represents 10 µm. The scale vector represents 300 N/m2 for A and B and 20 N/m2 for C.