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Fig. 5. Expression of {alpha}-SMA in HFL-1 cells is mediated by PI-3 kinase and PKC. HFL-1 cells were incubated with either the MAPK inhibitor PD 98059 (50 µM), the tyrosine kinase inhibitors genestein (10-100 µM) and herbimycin (2 µM), the src inhibitor pp2 (10 µM), the PI-3 kinase inhibitor wortmannin (100 nM) or the PKC inhibitor calphostin c (1 µM) for 60 minutes prior to incubation with P1F6 (A) LM609 (B) or P5D2 (C) for a further 24 hours. HFL-1 cells were incubated with the Rho inhibitor C3-exoenzyme (2.5 µg/ml) for 60 minutes prior to the addition of anti-ß1 (P4C10), LM609 or P1F6 for 24 hours (D). Expression of {alpha}-SMA was analyzed using ELISA. Results are calculated from triplicate wells of at least four different experiments and are expressed as mean±s.e.m. *Significantly less {alpha}-SMA expression compared to cells exposed to function-blocking antibody alone, P<0.05.